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## https://sploitus.com/exploit?id=1337DAY-ID-33600
=======================================================================
              title: FortiGuard XOR Encryption
            product: Multiple Fortinet Products (see Vulnerable / tested versions)
 vulnerable version: Multiple (see Vulnerable / tested versions)
      fixed version: Multiple (see Solution)
         CVE number: CVE-2018-9195
             impact: High
           homepage: https://www.fortinet.com
by: Stefan Viehböck (Office Vienna)
                     SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab

                     An integrated part of SEC Consult
                     Europe | Asia | North America

                     https://www.sec-consult.com

=======================================================================

Vendor description:
-------------------
"From the start, the Fortinet vision has been to deliver broad, truly
integrated, high-performance security across the IT infrastructure.

We provide top-rated network and content security, as well as secure access
products that share intelligence and work together to form a cooperative
fabric. Our unique security fabric combines Security Processors, an intuitive
operating system, and applied threat intelligence to give you proven security,
exceptional performance, and better visibility and control--while providing
easier administration."

Source: https://www.fortinet.com/corporate/about-us/about-us.html


Business recommendation:
------------------------
The vendor provides a patch and users of affected products are urged to
immediately upgrade to the latest version available.


Vulnerability overview/description:
-----------------------------------
Fortinet products, including FortiGate and Forticlient regularly send
information to Fortinet servers (DNS: guard.fortinet.com) on
- UDP ports 53, 8888 and
- TCP port 80 (HTTP POST /fgdsvc)

This cloud communication is used for the FortiGuard Web Filter feature (https://fortiguard.com/webfilter),
FortiGuard AntiSpam feature (https://fortiguard.com/updates/antispam)
and FortiGuard AntiVirus feature (https://fortiguard.com/updates/antivirus).

The messages are encrypted using XOR "encryption" with a static key.


The protocol messages contain the following types of information:

**Serial number of the Fortinet product installation** (product type + unique ID).
This information allows an attacker who can **passively monitor** internet traffic to:
- learn which Fortinet products and product types an organization uses
  (this is valuable for information gathering, see EquationGroup Fortigate exploits)
- learn which FortiClient installations are part of an organization
- use the FortiClient serial number as a unique identifier to track an individual as
  he/she travels the world


**Full HTTP URLs of users web surfing activity** (Web Filter feature).
This information allows an attacker who can **passively monitor** internet traffic
to spy on users' web surfing activity. In cases where SSL inspection is enabled,
even the URLs of HTTPS-encrypted communication are sent via this protocol,
effectively breaking the confidentiality of SSL/TLS.


**Unspecified email data** (AntiSpam feature).
We do not have any further information on what kind of information is sent by the
AntiSpam feature.


**Unspecified AntiVirus data** (AntiVirus feature).
We do not have any further information on what kind of information is sent by the
AntiVirus feature.


By **intercepting and manipulating** internet traffic an attacker can:
Manipulate the responses for FortiGuard Web Filter, AntiSpam and AntiVirus features.


Proof of concept:
-----------------
The following Python 3 script decrypts a FortiGuard message (the static XOR key
has been removed from this advisory).


```python
from itertools import cycle

def forti_xor(s1):
    xor_key = **removed**
    message = ''.join(chr(c ^ k) for c, k in zip(s1, cycle(xor_key)))
    return message

r1=bytes.fromhex('6968766f606e776c2d2d21262138475c5b5a475b545e475c6b6a776b646e776c6b6a772b646e776c6b6a776b646e776c6b6a776bbadf04036b6a776c616a846f')

print(repr(forti_xor(r1)))
```

In this case the encrypted message contents are:
'\x02\x02\x01\x04\x04\x00\x00\x00FGVMEV0000000000\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\[email protected]\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00...'


Another example:
'\x02\x01\x02\x04úI\x03\x00FG100D3G00000000\x00\x00\...x00\x00+https://v10.vortex-win.data.microsoft.com/\x00'


Vulnerable / tested versions:
-----------------------------
The following FortiOS versions are affected according to the vendor:
* FortiOS 6.0.6 and below
* FortiClientWindows 6.0.6 and below
* FortiClientMac 6.2.1 and below


The security advisory of the vendor can be found at:
https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-18-100


Vendor contact timeline:
------------------------
2018-05-17: Contacting vendor through [email protected], sending advisory with
            public PGP key
2018-05-17: Auto-Response: "Thank you for contacting us regarding your
            inquiry. We have created a PSIRT ticket for this inquiry"
2018-05-17: Response: "Thank you to report us this vulnerability. I created
            an internal incident and I will communicate further with you while
            I'm investigating the impact of this."
2018-05-28: Requesting update, "If we don't get an appropriate response (see my
            initial email) by the end of next week, we will consider disclosing
            the vulnerability without further coordination."
2018-05-28: Auto-Response: "Thank you for contacting us regarding your inquiry.
            We have created a PSIRT ticket for this inquiry"
2018-06-05: Requesting update again, "This is the final attempt to contact you",
            plus reaching out to Fortinet via Twitter, LinkedIn.
2018-06-05: First response after 3 weeks, developers are working on a fix,
            "Please therefore kindly wait for further updates, while we are
            coordinating various stakeholders (including FortiGuard servers
            maintainers) for a fix."
2018-06-06: Requesting conference call.
2018-06 - 2019-11: Multiple conference calls, discussing technical details, agreeing
            on disclosure time
2019-03-28: Fix released in FortiOS 6.2.0
2019-04-01: Fix issued on FortiGuard server side
2019-11-13: Fix released for FortiOS branch 6.0, version 6.0.7
2019-11-25: Public release of security advisory



Solution:
---------
The vendor provides updated versions for the affected products:
* FortiOS 6.0.7 or 6.2.0
* FortiClientWindows 6.2.0
* FortiClientMac 6.2.2

#  0day.today [2019-12-04]  #