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## https://sploitus.com/exploit?id=E57F3C62-CC28-5266-AE86-EE6027BB2171
# 🛡️ CVE-2026-57821 – Apache Fineract SQL Injection
> **⚠️ LEGAL & ETHICAL NOTICE**
> This toolkit is provided **strictly for educational, training, and authorized security testing purposes**.
> Unauthorized use against any system without explicit written permission is **illegal** and violates computer crime laws.
> The author assumes **zero liability** for misuse or damage.
> **You are solely responsible for your actions.**
---
## 📋 Vulnerability Overview
**CVE-2026-57821** is a **SQL Injection** vulnerability discovered in Apache Fineract's office listing API endpoint.
### 🎯 Affected Component
| Attribute | Detail |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Endpoint** | `/api/v1/offices` |
| **Parameter** | `orderBy` |
| **Method** | `GET` |
| **Authentication Required** | Yes (authenticated users only) |
| **Affected Versions** | Apache Fineract ≤ 1.14.0 |
| **Patched Version** | Apache Fineract 1.15.0 |
### 🧠 How It Works
The vulnerability exists because the `orderBy` parameter is directly embedded into SQL queries without proper sanitization. An attacker with valid credentials can inject **subqueries** wrapped in parentheses `()` into the `orderBy` parameter.
**Why this bypasses previous fixes:**
- CVE-2024-32838 introduced a `ColumnValidator` to sanitize `ORDER BY` clauses
- The validator fails to detect **bare subqueries** inside parentheses
- This allows arbitrary SQL execution within the `ORDER BY` context
**Example Attack Vector:**
GET /api/v1/offices?orderBy=(SELECT CASE WHEN (1=1) THEN pg_sleep(5) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END)&limit=1
### ⚡ Potential Impact
| Impact | Description |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Data Exfiltration** | Time‑based blind SQL injection can extract sensitive database content |
| **Denial of Service** | Heavy queries can exhaust connection pool resources |
| **Information Disclosure** | Error‑based techniques can reveal database structure and data |
---
## 👤 Discovery & Disclosure
| Attribute | Detail |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Discoverer / Reporter** | Terence Monteiro (Apache Fineract Team) |
| **Public Disclosure Date** | July 14, 2026 |
| **Patched Version** | Apache Fineract 1.15.0 |
| **Official Announcement** | [Apache Mailing List](https://lists.apache.org/thread/lb7zwdv7qntzy6z05gzf7m8mxw9cbgsj) |
| **GitHub Fix** | [PR #6048](https://github.com/apache/fineract/pull/6048) |
---
## 🗄️ Supported Database Systems
This toolkit automatically detects and adapts exploitation techniques for **11 different database backends**:
| Database | Detection Method | Exploitation Technique |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **PostgreSQL** | Time‑based (`pg_sleep`) | Time‑based Blind |
| **MySQL** | Time‑based (`SLEEP`) | Time‑based Blind |
| **MariaDB** | Time‑based + `@@version_comment` | Time‑based Blind |
| **MSSQL** | Error‑based (`CONVERT` failure) | Error‑based |
| **Oracle** | Time‑based (`DBMS_LOCK.SLEEP`) | Time‑based Blind |
| **SQLite** | Heavy Query (Cartesian Join) | Time‑based (Heavy) |
| **Firebird** | Heavy Query (Cartesian Join) | Time‑based (Heavy) |
| **DB2** | Heavy Query (Cartesian Join) | Time‑based (Heavy) |
| **Informix** | Heavy Query (Cartesian Join) | Time‑based (Heavy) |
| **H2** | Heavy Query (Cartesian Join) | Time‑based (Heavy) |
| **Unknown (Generic)** | Fallback to PostgreSQL | Time‑based |
---
## 🛠️ Toolkit Components
This project provides **two Python scripts** for different security assessment scenarios:
### 📊 `verifier.py` – Safe & Minimal Verification Tool
**Purpose:** Quickly prove vulnerability existence without extracting data.
**What it does:**
- Sends database‑specific test payloads
- Detects time delays or error messages
- Reports `VULNERABLE` or `NOT VULNERABLE` for each database type
- **Does NOT exfiltrate any data**
**✅ Advantages:**
- Extremely fast (completes in seconds)
- Low legal risk (only validates presence)
- Ideal for initial security scanning
- Report‑friendly output for compliance
**📋 Use Case:** First‑pass assessment to determine if the target is vulnerable.
### 🔬 `exploit.py` – Comprehensive Security Analyzer
**Purpose:** Fully exercise the vulnerability to extract database information.
**What it does:**
- Automatically detects database type
- Uses **binary search** to extract character by character
- Retrieves: **version, current user, database name, table list** (configurable)
- MSSQL: error‑based extraction
- Others: time‑based extraction with baseline calibration
**✅ Advantages:**
- Provides concrete evidence of impact
- Demonstrates full extent of the vulnerability
- Detailed logging with color‑coded output
**📋 Use Case:** In‑depth security analysis after vulnerability confirmation.
> **🔍 Key Difference:** `verifier.py` tells you **if** it's vulnerable; `exploit.py` shows you **what** can be extracted. Both serve distinct but complementary roles in a security assessment workflow.
---
## ⚙️ Installation & Configuration
### Prerequisites
- Python 3.6+
- `requests` library
```bash
pip install requests
```
## Configuration Variables
Edit the following variables at the top of both scripts:
Variable Description Default
TARGET Fineract API URL http://localhost:8080/fineract-provider/api/v1/offices
USERNAME API authentication username mifos
PASSWORD API authentication password password
TENANT_ID Tenant identifier default
BASE_SLEEP Sleep duration for time‑based tests (exploit.py) 6
SLEEP_SECONDS Sleep duration for time‑based tests (verifier.py) 5
TIMEOUT HTTP request timeout 25 (exploit) / 15 (verifier)
MAX_RETRIES Retry count for failed requests 2
# 🚀 Usage Guide
1️⃣ verifier.py – Quick Scan
```bash
python3 verifier.py
```
Expected Output:
```bash
CVE-2026-57821 - Apache Fineract Vulnerability Verifier
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@tc4dy is here :) Good Luck!
CONNECTION SUCCESS
BASELINE: 0.234s
STARTING VULNERABILITY VERIFICATION
VERIFICATION RESULTS
PostgreSQL: VULNERABLE
MySQL: NOT VULNERABLE
MariaDB: NOT VULNERABLE
Oracle: NOT VULNERABLE
MSSQL: NOT VULNERABLE
CONCLUSION: TARGET IS VULNERABLE (CVE-2026-57821 CONFIRMED)
Interpretation: If VULNERABLE appears for any database type, the target is affected.
```
# 🎯 Technical Specifications
CVSS Score
Metric Value
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 8.1 (High)
Vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Attack Vector Network
Privileges Required Low
User Interaction None
EPSS Score
0.29% (probability of exploitation within 30 days)
CWE Mapping
CWE‑89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
# 🧪 Technical Deep‑Dive
Why the Payload Works
The vulnerable code in Apache Fineract 1.14.0:
```bash
// Simplified vulnerable logic
String orderBy = request.getParameter("orderBy");
if (ColumnValidator.isValid(orderBy)) {
// VALIDATOR FAILS FOR: "(SELECT ...)"
// Only checks against simple column names
String sql = "SELECT * FROM offices ORDER BY " + orderBy;
// Executes query with user input directly
}
```
Attacker Payload Example:
```bash
GET /api/v1/offices?orderBy=(SELECT CASE WHEN (1=1) THEN pg_sleep(5) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END)&limit=1
```
Resulting SQL:
```bash
SELECT * FROM offices ORDER BY (SELECT CASE WHEN (1=1) THEN pg_sleep(5) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END)
```
The ColumnValidator checks for column names but misses the nested subquery, allowing arbitrary SQL execution.
## 🛡️ Mitigation
| Action | Priority |
| :--- | :--- |
| **Upgrade to Apache Fineract 1.15.0+** | 🔴 Critical |
| **Apply PR #6048 patch** | 🔴 Critical |
| **WAF Rule:** Block `orderBy` containing `(SELECT`, `SLEEP(`, `pg_sleep(`, `WAITFOR` | 🟠 High |
| **Monitor logs** for `orderBy` with parentheses or subquery keywords | 🟠 High |
| **Database connection pool monitoring** to detect resource exhaustion | 🟡 Medium |
Database connection pool monitoring to detect DoS attempts 🟡 Medium